Pé diabético: o cuidado de enfermeiras / Diabetic foot: nurses' care / Pie diabético: cuidados de enfermeira

Objetivo: Descrever o cuidado para prevenção do pé diabético realizado por enfermeiras. Método:revisão integrativa da literatura a partir do levantamento realizado em janeiro de 2024 através da biblioteca virtual da PubMed. Foram incluídos artigos nos idiomas inglês e português, artigos originais relacionados ao tema e disponíveis na íntegra com acesso gratuito, publicados entre os anos de 2012 até o ano de 2024. Como critérios de exclusão: artigos que não atendam o objeto de estudo, duplicados, teses, livros, revisões e artigos não originais.Resultados:O levantamento resultou na seleção de 15 artigos que evidenciaram que o cuidado para prevenção do pé diabético se desenvolvem a partir da atuação do enfermeiro, e por meio da aplicação de cuidados, como avaliação do paciente, educação em saúde para os pacientes e a educação permanente para os profissionais de saúde, controle glicêmico, verificação do Índice tibial braquial-ITB para diagnóstico de doença arterial obstrutiva periférica (DAOP), uso de termometria cutânea ou imagem infravermelha, criação de software e exames laboratoriais. Conclusão:O estudo poderá contribuir para melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes diabéticos através do conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem acerca dos cuidados elencados para melhor atender aos pacientes bem como contribuir com a diminuição de casos de úlceras em pé diabético.

Objective: To describe the care to prevent diabetic foot provided by nurses. Method:integrative literature review based on the survey carried out in January 2024 through the PubMed virtual library. Articles in English and Portuguese were included, original articles related to the topic and available in full with free access, published between 2012 and 2024. Exclusion criteria were: articles that do not meet the object of study, duplicates, theses, books, reviews and non-original articles. Results:The survey resultedin the selection of 15 articles that showed that care to prevent diabetic foot develops from the role of nurses, and through the application of care, such as patient assessment, health education for patients and continuing education for health professionals, glycemic control, verification of the brachial tibial index-ABI for diagnosing peripheral arterial obstructive disease (PAOD), use of skin thermometry or infrared imaging, creation of software and laboratory tests. Conclusion:The study may contribute to improving the quality of life of diabetic patients through the knowledge of nursing professionals about the care provided to better serve patients as well as contributing to the reduction of cases of diabetic foot ulcers.

Objetivo: Describir los cuidados para la prevención del pie diabético brindados por enfermeras. Método:revisión integrativa de la literatura a partir de la encuesta realizada en enero de 2024 a través de la biblioteca virtual PubMed. Se incluyeron artículos en inglés y portugués, artículos originales relacionados con el tema y disponibles íntegramente con acceso gratuito, publicados entre 2012 y 2024. Los criterios de exclusión fueron: artículos que no cumplan con el objeto de estudio, duplicados, tesis, libros, reseñas y artículos no originales. Resultados:La encuesta resultó en la selección de 15 artículos que mostraron que los cuidados para prevenir el pie diabético se desarrollan desde el rol del enfermero, y a través de la aplicación de cuidados, como la evaluación del paciente, la educación en salud de los pacientes y la educación continua de los profesionales de la salud, la glucemia. control, verificación del índice braquial tibial-ITB para el diagnóstico de enfermedad arterial obstructiva periférica (EAP), uso de termometría cutánea o imágenes infrarrojas, creación de software y pruebas de laboratorio. Conclusión:El estudio puede contribuir a mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes diabéticos a través del conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería sobre los cuidados brindados para atender mejor a los pacientes, así como contribuir a la reducción de casos de úlceras del pie diabético.

Efectos de las tecnologías educativas en la prevención y tratamiento de la úlcera diabética: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis / Effects of educational technologies on the prevention and treatment of diabetic ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis / Efeitos das tecnologias educativas na prevenção e tratamento da úlcera diabética: revisão sistemática e metanálise

Objetivo: analizar los efectos de las tecnologías educativas en la prevención y tratamiento de la úlcera diabética. Método: revisión sistemática realizada en siete bases de datos, un índice bibliográfico, una biblioteca electrónica y literatura gris. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 11 ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados. La síntesis de los resultados fue descriptiva y mediante metaanálisis. Resultados: las tecnologías educativas predominantes fueron la capacitación y la orientación verbal, se destacaron las tecnologías blandas-duras. En comparación con la atención habitual, las tecnologías educativas demostraron ser un factor protector para prevenir la incidencia de úlcera diabética (RR=0,40; IC 95%=0,18-0,90; p=0,03) y la evaluación de certeza de evidencia fue baja. Las tecnologías educativas también demostraron ser un factor protector para prevenir la incidencia de amputación en miembros inferiores (RR=0,53; IC 95%=0,31-0,90; p=0,02) y la certeza de evidencia fue muy baja. Conclusión: tecnologías educativas blandas-duras, como orientación verbal estructurada, juegos educativos, clase expositiva, capacitación teórico-práctica, video educativo, folder, rotafolio educativo y dibujos lúdicos, y tecnologías duras, como calzado terapéutico, plantillas, termómetro infrarrojo digital, kits para el cuidado de los pies, aplicación de telemedicina y teléfono móvil, resultaron efectivas para la prevención y el tratamiento de la úlcera diabética, sin embargo, es necesario que se realicen estudios más robustos.

Objective: to analyze the effects of educational technologies in the prevention and treatment of diabetic ulcers. Method: a systematic review conducted in seven databases, a bibliographic index, an electronic library and the Gray Literature. The sample consisted of 11 randomized controlled clinical trials. The synthesis of the results was descriptive and through meta-analysis. Results: the predominant educational technologies were training sessions and verbal guidelines, with soft-hard technologies standing out. When compared to usual care, the educational technologies presented a protective factor to prevent the incidence of diabetic ulcers (RR=0.40; 95% CI=0.18-0.90; p=0.03) and the certainty of the evidence assessment was low. The educational technologies also had a protective factor to prevent the incidence of lower limb amputations (RR=0.53; 95% CI=0.31-0.90; p=0.02) and certainty of the evidence was very low. Conclusion: soft-hard educational technologies such as structured verbal guidelines, educational games, lectures, theoretical-practical training sessions, educational videos, folders, serial albums and playful drawings, and hard technologies such as therapeutic footwear, insoles, infrared digital thermometer, foot care kits, Telemedicine app and mobile phone use, were effective for the prevention and treatment of diabetic ulcers, although more robust studies are required.

Objetivo: analisar os efeitos das tecnologias educativas na prevenção e tratamento da úlcera diabética. Método: revisão sistemática conduzida em sete bases de dados, um índice bibliográfico, uma biblioteca eletrônica e na literatura cinzenta. A amostra foi constituída de 11 ensaios clínicos controlados randomizados. A síntese dos resultados foi descritiva e por meio de metanálise. Resultados: as tecnologias educativas predominantes foram os treinamentos e as orientações verbais, destacando-se as tecnologias leve-duras. Na comparação com o cuidado usual, as tecnologias educativas apresentaram fator de proteção para prevenção da incidência de úlcera diabética (RR=0,40; IC 95%=0,18-0,90; p=0,03) e a avaliação de certeza da evidência foi baixa. As tecnologias educativas também tiveram fator de proteção para prevenção da incidência de amputação em membros inferiores (RR=0,53; IC 95%=0,31-0,90; p=0,02) e a certeza da evidência foi muito baixa. Conclusão: as tecnologias educativas leve-duras, como orientações verbais estruturadas, jogos educativos, aula expositiva, treinamentos teórico-práticos, vídeo educativo, folder, álbum seriado e desenhos lúdicos, e as tecnologias duras, a exemplo do calçado terapêutico, palmilhas, termômetro digital de infravermelho, kits de cuidados com os pés, aplicativo de telemedicina e telefone móvel, foram efetivas para prevenção e tratamento da úlcera diabética, porém, estudos mais robustos são necessários.

Actualización en fibrosis quística: diabetes relacionada a fibrosis quística en la era de los moduladores del regulador de transmembrana de fibrosis quística (CFTR) / Update on cystic fibrosis/cystic fibrosis related diabete in the era of transmembrane regulator in cystic fibrosis (CFTR)

Las disglicemias, objetivadas en el test de tolerancia a la glucosa de 2 horas y en el monitoreo continuo de glicemia, son el factor de riesgo principal para el desarrollo de la diabetes relacionada a fibrosis quística (FQ) (DRFQ), la que constituiría la etapa final de un continuo de alteraciones del metabolismo de la glucosa en los pacientes con FQ. Estas disglicemias se deben tanto al daño directo de las células de los islotes pancreáticos productores de insulina, como al aumento de la resistencia a la insulina asociada al estado inflamatorio sistémico de la FQ. El uso cada vez más precoz de los moduladores del CFTR debiera contribuir a evitar el desarrollo de DRFQ y sus complicaciones. La siguiente revisión se enfoca en los efectos de los moduladores del CFTR en la tolerancia a la glucosa en pacientes con FQ.

Dysglycemia, observed in the 2-hour glucose tolerance test and in the continuous monitoring of glycemia, are the main risk factor for the development of diabetes related to cystic fibrosis (CF), which constitutes the final stage of a continuum of impaired glucose metabolism in people with CF. These dysglycemias are due both to direct damage to insulin-producing pancreatic islet cells, and to increased insulin resistance associated with the systemic inflammatory state of CF. The increasingly early use of CFTR modulators should help prevent the development of CRFD and its complications. The following review focuses on the effects of regulador de transmembrana de fibrosis quística (CFTR) modulators on glucose tolerance in people with CF.

Risk of sarcopenia in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: evaluation of the SARC-F and SARC-CalF as screening tools / Risco de sarcopenia em idosos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2: avaliação do SARC-F e SARC-CalF como ferramentas para rastreamento

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic power of SARC-F and SARC-CalF as screening tools for sarcopenia risk in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 128 patients was conducted at the endocrinology outpatient clinic of a hospital in Recife, Brazil between July 2022 and February 2023. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to original and updated European Consensus criteria for older adults. Muscle mass was assessed with electrical bioimpedance, muscle strength was assessed with a handgrip test, and physical performance was assessed with gait speed. Sarcopenia risk was assessed using the SARC-F and SARC-CalF instruments. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, receiver operating characteristic curve, and area under the curve were analyzed to determine the best diagnostic performance. Results: According to the original and updated versions of the European Consensus criteria, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 25.00% and 10.90%, respectively. Sarcopenia risk was 17.20% according to the SARC-F and 23.40% according to the SARC-CalF. The sensitivity and specificity of the SARC-F ranged from 12.55% to 36.11% and 71.87% to 92.39%, respectively, while those of the SARC-CalF ranged from 47.22% to 85.71% and 82.46% to 88.89%, respectively. The area under the curve for the SARC-F and SARC-CalF varied between 0.51 and 0.71 and 0.67 and 0.86, respectively. Conclusions: The SARC-CalF had better diagnostic performance for all analyzed diagnostic criteria. Adding calf circumference to the SARC-F was an effective screening method for sarcopenia risk in the study population

Objetivo: Avaliar o poder diagnóstico do SARC-F e SARC-CalF como ferramentas de rastreamento para o risco de sarcopenia em idosos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Metodologia: Estudo transversal com 128 pacientes desenvolvido no ambulatório de endocrinologia de um hospital do Recife entre julho de 2022 e fevereiro de 2023. A sarcopenia foi diagnosticada de acordo com os critérios do Consenso Europeu para sarcopenia em pessoas idosas e sua versão atualizada. Foi realizada bioimpedância elétrica para avaliar a massa muscular, teste de preensão palmar para a força muscular e teste de velocidade de marcha para a performance física. O risco para sarcopenia foi avaliado por meio do SARC-F e SARC-CalF. Realizou-se análise de sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivos e negativos, curva Característica de Operação do Receptor (ROC) e área sob a curva (AUC) para determinar a melhor performance diagnóstica. Resultados: A prevalência de sarcopenia foi de 25,00% de acordo com a primeira versão do Consenso Europeu e 10,90% considerando a versão atualizada. O risco para sarcopenia foi de 17,20% (SARC-F) e 23,40% (SARC-CalF). A sensibilidade do SARC-F variou entre 12,55 e 36,11%, e a espec ificidade entre 71,87 e 92,39%, enquanto o SARC-CalF apresentou sensibilidade entre 47,22 e 85,71% e especificidade entre 82,46 e 88,89%. A AUC do SARC-F variou entre 0,51 e 0,71, enquanto o SARC-CalF ficou entre 0,67 e 0,86. Conclusões: O SARC-CalF apresentou melhor performance diagnóstica quando comparado a todos os critérios diagnósticos analisados. A adição da circunferência da panturrilha é um método eficaz para o rastreamento do risco de sarcopenia na população do estudo

Psicologia e diabetes no Brasil: um mapeamento de profissionais e de suas ações / Psychology and diabetes in Brazil: the mapping of professionals and their practices / Psicología y diabetes en Brasil: un mapeo de los profesionales y sus acciones

Pouco se sabe sobre a atuação do psicólogo no Brasil junto a pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar os psicólogos brasileiros que trabalham com essa população e suas ações. Foram convidados a responder a um questionário online psicólogos que atuam ou atuaram junto a pessoas com diabetes. Participaram 79 psicólogos, principalmente da região Sudeste (59,5%). Todos declararam que haviam cursado pósgraduação. Na amostra, predominou o gênero feminino (89,9%), com idade entre 26 e 40 anos (46,8%). A maioria dos que atuam com diabetes declarou-se autônoma ou voluntária, e quase metade trabalhava menos do que 10 horas semanais. Entre aqueles que deixaram de trabalhar com diabetes, apenas uma minoria tinha vínculo empregatício. Além do trabalho com pessoas com diabetes, a maior parte declarou exercer outras atividades profissionais, como atendimentos clínicos em consultórios particulares, sugerindo que esta não é a atividade principal. Majoritariamente, os respondentes declararam não ter conhecimentos suficientes para o atendimento específico às pessoas com diabetes. Discute-se a qualidade da formação profissional dos psicólogos no Brasil, a necessidade de aprimoramento em relação à atuação com pessoas com diabetes e as condições de trabalho.(AU)

Little is known about the practice of psychologists in Brazil caring for people with Diabetes Mellitus. The aim of this research was to identify the Brazilian psychologists who work with this population and describe their actions. Psychologists who work or have worked with people diagnosed with diabetes were invited to answer an online questionnaire. The 79 participants lived mainly in the Southeast Region (59.5%). All of them declared to have a graduate degree, most were female (89.9%), aged 26 to 40 years (46.8%). Most of those working with diabetes declared to be autonomous or voluntary, and almost half had a workload of less than 10 hours a week. Among those who stopped working with diabetes, only a minority had a formal employment contract. In addition, most of them stated that they had other professional activities related to clinical care in private offices, suggesting that working with diabetes is not their main activity. Mostly, respondents stated that they did not have enough knowledge to care for people with diabetes. The quality of professional education of psychologists in Brazil, the need for specific improvement in labor relations and conditions were discussed.(AU)

Son escasas las informaciones del trabajo de los psicólogos en Brasil con las personas con Diabetes Mellitus. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los psicólogos brasileños que trabajan con esta población y describir sus acciones. Se invitó a psicólogos que trabajan o hayan trabajado con personas con diabetes a responder un cuestionario en línea. Participaron 79 psicólogos, principalmente de la región Sureste de Brasil (59,5%). Todos declararon tener posgrado. En la muestra hubo una mayor prevalencia del género femenino (89,9%), de edades de entre 26 y 40 años (46,8%). La mayoría de los que trabajan con personas con diabetes se declararon autónomos o voluntarios, y casi la mitad trabajaba menos de 10 horas a la semana. Entre los que dejaron de trabajar con las personas con diabetes, solo una minoría tenía una relación laboral. Además de trabajar con personas con diabetes, la mayoría afirmó tener otras actividades profesionales, como la atención clínica en consultorios privados, lo que sugiere que esta no es su actividad principal. La mayoría de los encuestados afirmaron que no tenían los conocimientos suficientes para atender específicamente a las personas con diabetes. Se discuten la calidad de la formación profesional de los psicólogos en Brasil, la necesidad de mejora en relación con el trabajo con personas con diabetes y las condiciones laborales.(AU)

Fatores associados ao autocuidado das pessoas com diabetes mellitus na pandemia de COVID-19 / Associated factors with the self-care of people with diabetes mellitus in the COVID-19 pandemic

RESUMO Objetivo analisar os fatores associados ao autocuidado em pessoas com diabetes durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos estudo transversal analítico e exploratório online com 70 participantes, utilizando o Questionário de Atividades de Autocuidado com o Diabetes. O perfil clínico e sociodemográfico foi retratado com uma análise descritiva. Já para a associação entre as variáveis, aplicaram-se o teste exato de Fisher, o teste Qui-quadrado e regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados após a regressão, os itens Atividade física, Uso de medicação e Alimentação geral do Questionário de Atividades de Autocuidado com o Diabetes apresentaram, respectivamente, associação significativa com as variáveis exercício físico (p<0,001), ocupação (p=0,005) e idade (p=0,01). Conclusão os itens de exercício físico, uso de medicação e alimentação geral do questionário de autocuidado se relacionaram com as variáveis de idade, ocupação e prática de exercício físico, respectivamente. Contribuições para a prática os serviços de saúde devem intensificar a investigação dos fatores associados às dificuldades das pessoas com diabetes, para oferecer uma melhor qualidade de vida e uma promoção de saúde adequada para essa população.

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the factors associated with self-care in people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods cross-sectional analytical and exploratory online study with 70 participants, using the Summary Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire. The clinical and sociodemographic profile was portrayed with a descriptive analysis. Fisher's exact test, the Chi-square test and Poisson regression with robust variance were used to determine the association between the variables. Results after regression, the items Physical Activity, Use of Medication and General Diet from the Summary Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire showed, respectively, a significant association with the variables Physical Exercise (p<0.001), Occupation (p=0.005) and Age (p=0.01). Conclusion the physical exercise, medication use and general diet items on the self-care questionnaire were related to the variables of age, occupation, and physical exercise, respectively. Contributions to practice health services should intensify the investigation of factors associated with the difficulties of people with diabetes, to offer a better quality of life and adequate health promotion for this population.

Quality of Life of Type 2 Diabetic Patients attending a Tertiary Hospital in South-South Nigeria

Background: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus affects the quality of life of individuals and their ability to function. It affects the physical, social and mental well-being of patients with immediate and delayed complications.This study determined the quality of life of type 2 diabetic patients attending a tertiary hospital in south-south Nigeria.Methods:This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among type 2 diabetic patients attending the medical outpatient clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital between September and November 2019. Purposive sampling technique was used to select a total of 347 participants for the study following ethical approval. WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to measure the QoL of the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Descriptive data were presented in frequency distribution tables while summary statistics were done using mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and in proportions for categorical variables. Results:Results revealed that majority of the type 2 diabetic patients were females (53.3%) and between the ages of 51-60 years. 27.2% of them had poor overall QoL with the score of <45% while 65.7% had fair overall QoL with a score of 45-65 %. 7.1% had good overall QoL with a score of ≥65%. Conclusion:Majority of the type 2 diabetic patients had fair QoL while the least had good QoL. There is urgent need for increased health awareness and education of diabetic patients regarding diabetic care.

Úlceras de pie diabético y plasma rico en plaquetas / Healing of diabetic foot ulcers with platelet-rich plasma

Introducción: El plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) se encuentra en desarrollo desde los años 80, asociado con aplicaciones en medicina cardíaca, traumatológica y dermatológica. El PRP es una preparación autóloga, con una concentración de plaquetas por sobre el valor normal en sangre periférica, que se obtiene a partir de su centrifugación siguiendo diferentes protocolos que fueron valorados en distintas revisiones sistemáticas. El plasma luego se activa con trombina o cloruro cálcico, o por lisis física (ultrasonido o frizado). El PRP contiene factores de crecimiento, citoquinas y proteínas de adhesión que, al aplicarse en la lesión, favorecen la hemostasia, la síntesis de tejido conectivo y la revascularización. El producto se aplica en solución o gel. Se intentaron diferentes clasificaciones del PRP para estandarizarlo, sin éxito. Se conceptualizó la receta del PRP para aplicación clínica, que presentó las siguientes características: valores altos de plaquetas, disminución de la contaminación de glóbulos rojos, presencia de neutrófilos y leucocitos para el éxito terapéutico. Protocolo y casos: Se presenta el protocolo de preparación de PRP de centrifugación única de 7 minutos a 1400 rpm, con activación por medio de gluconato de calcio según la siguiente proporción: 3 ml plasma/0.4 ml gluconato cálcico. Además, se informan tres casos de úlceras de pie diabético de nuestra institución. Conclusión: El PRP no presenta complejidad en su preparación y aplicación, por lo que es factible de realizar en el primer nivel de atención que cuente con los recursos materiales y profesionales con conocimiento en el abordaje de heridas crónicas.

Introduction: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been under development since the 1980s, associated with applications in cardiac, traumatological, and dermatological medicine. PRP is an autologous preparation with a platelet concentration above the normal value in peripheral blood that is obtained from its centrifugation following different protocols that were evaluated in different systematic reviews. The plasma is then activated with thrombin or calcium chloride, or by physical lysis (ultrasound or friz). PRP contains growth factors, cytokines, and adhesion proteins that, when applied to the lesion, favor hemostasis, connective tissue synthesis, and revascularization. The product is applied in solution or gel. Different classifications of the PRP were used with the intention of standardizing the procedure without success. The PRP recipe for clinical application was conceptualized. It presented the following characteristics: high platelet values, decreased red blood cell contamination, presence of neutrophils and leukocytes for therapeutic success. Protocol and cases: The PRP preparation protocol for single centrifugation for 7 minutes at 1400 rpm with activation through calcium gluconate is presented according to the following ratio: 3 ml plasma/0.4 ml of calcium gluconate. Three cases of diabetic foot ulcers from our institution are reported. Conclusion: The PRP does not present complexity in its preparation and application, so it is feasible to perform it in the first level of care that has the material and professional resources with knowledge in the approach to chronic wounds.

Diagnosis and treatment strategy of periodontitis with diabetes / 中华口腔医学杂志

The number of diabetic patients visiting stomatology for periodontal disease is increasing, and the symptoms are relatively severe, and often complications increase the complexity of periodontal treatment. This article briefly describes the research progress and clinical manifestations of the epidemiology and related pathological mechanisms of periodontitis with diabetes, focusing on the treatment and providing reference for stomatologists in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients with diabetic periodontitis.

Research advances in role of angiogenesis in diabetic ulcer and traditional Chinese medicine intervention / 中国中药杂志

Diabetic ulcer(DU) is one of the common complications of diabetes often occurring in the peripheral blood vessels of lower limbs or feet with a certain degree of damage. It has high morbidity and mortality, a long treatment cycle, and high cost. DU is often clinically manifested as skin ulcers or infections in the lower limbs or feet. In severe cases, it can ulcerate to the surface of tendons, bones or joint capsules, and even bone marrow. Without timely and correct treatment, most of the patients will have ulceration and blackening of the extremities. These patients will not be able to preserve the affected limbs through conservative treatment, and amputation must be performed. The etiology and pathogenesis of DU patients with the above condition are complex, which involves blood circulation interruption of DU wound, poor nutrition supply, and failure in discharge of metabolic waste. Relevant studies have also confirmed that promoting DU wound angiogenesis and restoring blood supply can effectively delay the occurrence and development of wound ulcers and provide nutritional support for wound healing, which is of great significance in the treatment of DU. There are many factors related to angiogenesis, including pro-angiogenic factors and anti-angiogenic factors. The dynamic balance between them plays a key role in angiogenesis. Meanwhile, previous studies have also confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine can enhance pro-angiogenic factors and down-regulate anti-angiogenic factors to promote angiogenesis. In addition, many experts and scholars have proposed that traditional Chinese medicine regulation of DU wound angiogenesis in the treatment of DU has broad prospects. Therefore, by consulting a large number of studies available, this paper expounded on the role of angiogenesis in DU wound and summarized the research advance in traditional Chinese medicine intervention in promoting the expression of angiogenic factors [vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), fibroblast growth factor(FGF), and angiopoietin(Ang)] which played a major role in promoting wound angiogenesis in the treatment of DU to provide ideas for further research and new methods for clinical treatment of DU.

Research progress in role of autophagy in diabetic wound healing and traditional Chinese medicine intervention / 中国中药杂志

Diabetic ulcer(DU) is a chronic and refractory ulcer which often occurs in the foot or lower limbs. It is a diabetic complication with high morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of DU is complex, and the therapies(such as debridement, flap transplantation, and application of antibiotics) are also complex and have long cycles. DU patients suffer from great economic and psychological pressure while enduring pain. Therefore, it is particularly important to promote rapid wound healing, reduce disability and mortality, protect limb function, and improve the quality of life of DU patients. By reviewing the relevant literatures, we have found that autophagy can remove DU wound pathogens, reduce wound inflammation, and accelerate ulcer wound healing and tissue repair. The main autophagy-related factors microtubule-binding light chain protein 3(LC3), autophagy-specific gene Beclin-1, and ubiquitin-binding protein p62 mediate autophagy. The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment of DU mitigates clinical symptoms, accelerates ulcer wound healing, reduces ulcer recurrence, and delays further deterioration of DU. Furthermore, under the guidance of syndrome differentiation and treatment and the overall concept, TCM treatment harmonizes yin and yang, ameliorates TCM syndrome, and treats underlying diseases, thereby curing DU from the root. Therefore, this article reviews the role of autophagy and major related factors LC3, Beclin-1, and p62 in the healing of DU wounds and the intervention of TCM, aiming to provide reference for the clinical treatment of DU wounds and subsequent in-depth studies.

Estratificação de risco de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus acompanhados na saúde suplementar / Estratificación de riesgo de pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus acompañada de salud complementaria / Risk stratification of patients with Diabetes Mellitus accompanied in supplementary health

Objetivo: analisar estratificação de risco para complicações provenientes do Diabetes Mellitus em pacientes acompanhados na saúde suplementar. Método: estudo descritivo, realizado por meio da aplicação de um questionário estruturado cujos participantes foram usuários com Diabetes Mellitus que frequentam uma clínica privada. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva. Pesquisa aprovada sob parecer: 4.959.698. Resultados: totalizaram 100 usuários, dos quais, 37% eram do sexo masculino. Quanto a estratificação de risco, 60% dos pacientes obtiveram classificação como "médio risco" para desenvolvimento de complicações. Conclusão: por meio da estratificação de risco dos pacientes, foi possível identificar os diferentes graus de riscos que corroboram no desenvolvimento de complicações da Diabetes Mellitus, contribuindo para a formulação dos parâmetros de cuidado, definidos baseados na individualidade de cada grupo estratificado, auxiliando na efetividade das ações desenvolvidas.(AU)

Objetivo : analizar la estratificación de riesgo de complicaciones de la Diabetes Mellitus en pacientes seguidos por la salud complementaria. Método : estudio descriptivo, realizado mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario estructurado cuyos participantes fueron usuarios con Dia betes Mellitus que acuden a una clínica privada. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando estadística descriptiva. Investigación aprobada bajo dictamen: 4.959.698. Resultados : totalizaron 100 usuarios, de los cuales el 37 ,0 % eran hombres. En cuanto a la estr atificación de riesgo, el 60 ,0 % de los pacientes fueron clasificados como de "riesgo medio" para desarrollar complicaciones. Conclusión : a través de la estratificación de riesgo de los pacientes, fue posible identificar los diferentes grados de riesgo que corroboran el desarrollo de complicaciones de la Diabetes Mellitus, contribuyendo para la formulación de parámetros de atención, definidos a partir de la individualidad de cada grupo estratificado, auxiliando en la eficacia de las acciones desarrolladas.(AU)

Objetivo : analizar la estratificación de riesgo de complicaciones de la Diabetes Mellitus en pacientes seguidos por la salud complementaria. Método : estudio descriptivo, realizado mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario estructurado cuyos participantes fueron usuarios con Dia betes Mellitus que acuden a una clínica privada. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando estadística descriptiva. Investigación aprobada bajo dictamen: 4.959.698. Resultados : totalizaron 100 usuarios, de los cuales el 37 ,0 % eran hombres. En cuanto a la estr atificación de riesgo, el 60 ,0 % de los pacientes fueron clasificados como de "riesgo medio" para desarrollar complicaciones. Conclusión : a través de la estratificación de riesgo de los pacientes, fue posible identificar los diferentes grados de riesgo que corroboran el desarrollo de complicaciones de la Diabetes Mellitus, contribuyendo para la formulación de parámetros de atención, definidos a partir de la individualidad de cada grupo estratificado, auxiliando en la eficacia de las acciones desarrolladas. patients were classified as "medium risk" for developing complications. Conclusion: through the risk stratification of patients, it was possible to identify the different degrees of risks that corroborate the development of complications of Diabetes Mellitus, contributing to the form ulation of care parameters, defined based on the individuality of each stratified group, helping in the effectiveness of the actions developed.(AU)

Prescription of statins according to the ASCVD estimator at Pablo Arturo Suarez Hospital, March 2021 to February 2022 / Prescripción de estatinas según el estimador ASCVD en el Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, marzo 2021 a febrero 2022

Worldwide, the leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease. The study details the prescription of statins at the Pablo Arturo Suarez Hospital in Ecuador between March 2021 and February 2022 following the ASCVD risk scale of the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association. There are 563 people in this cross-sectional and retrospective study: 70% women, 30% men, 93.30% mestizos, 48.10% diabetics, 62.30% hypertensives, and 18.70% smokers. 26.10% of all patients received statins, with simvastatin being the most common (96.60%). The mean cardiovascular risk in the general population was 15.52 ± 14.51%, 44.99% of subjects had a risk lower than 7.50%, and 29% had a risk higher than 20%, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) according to sex. The study determined that 58.60% of the population received a statin or an inadequate dosage.

A nivel mundial, la principal causa de muerte es la enfermedad cardiovascular. El estudio detalla la prescripción de estatinas en el Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez de Ecuador entre marzo de 2021 y febrero de 2022, siguiendo la escala de riesgo ASCVD del Colegio Americano de Cardiología y la Asociación Americana del Corazón. Son 563 personas en este estudio transversal y retrospectivo: 70% mujeres, 30% hombres, 93.30% mestizos, 48.10% diabéticos, 62.30% hipertensos y 18.70% fumadores. El 26.10% de los pacientes recibía estatinas, siendo la simvastatina la más frecuente (96.60%). El riesgo cardiovascular medio en la población general fue de 15.52 ± 14.51%, el 44.99% de los sujetos tenía un riesgo inferior al 7.50%, y el 29% tenía un riesgo superior al 20%, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0.001) según el sexo. El estudio determinó que el 58.60% de la población recibía una estatina o una dosis inadecuada.

Avaliação do rastreio de retinopatia diabética por meio de uma auditoria clínica em uma Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde rural no interior de Minas Gerais / Assessment of screening for diabetic retinopathy through a clinical audit in a rural primary health care unit in the interior of Minas Gerais / Evaluación de cribado de retinopatía diabética mediante auditoría clínica en una Unidad de Atención Primaria de Salud en la zona rural de Minas Gerais

Introdução: A retinopatia diabética é uma complicação do diabetes mellitus com grande impacto na saúde, mas seu diagnóstico por oftalmoscopia e a instituição do tratamento precoce comprovadamente reduzem a progressão para a perda visual. No território adscrito pela Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde (UAPS) onde realizou-se o presente estudo a equipe médica percebeu uma quantidade significativa de pessoas que não realizam fundo de olho periodicamente. Objetivo: Avaliar a taxa de pessoas adequadamente rastreadas quanto à retinopatia entre os diabéticos tipo 2 dessa localidade rural. Métodos: Este estudo consiste em um relato de experiência da realização de uma auditoria clínica para avaliar a taxa de rastreio de retinopatia entre diabéticos tipo 2 de uma UAPS. Para isso foi gerada uma planilha com os pacientes diabéticos de forma eletrônica pelo prontuário e-SUS, com posterior leitura de prontuário dos últimos dois anos em busca de menção à realização de oftalmoscopia. Resultados: O relatório gerou 3.736 cadastros ativos, dos quais 181 eram diabéticos. Destes, 156 foram selecionados para análise por serem comprovadamente diabéticos tipo 2. A taxa de rastreio nos últimos dois anos foi de 13,4%. Em 61,9% dos casos, a realização de fundoscopia foi realizada na própria UAPS. Conclusão: A auditoria clínica foi uma ferramenta útil para confirmar e delimitar a suspeita de baixa taxa de rastreio de retinopatia diabética. A realização de fundoscopia pelo médico de família e comunidade com treinamento foi uma estratégia que permitiu elevar essa porcentagem.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus with a major impact on health, but its diagnosis through ophthalmoscopy and early treatment have been shown to reduce progression to visual loss. In the area assigned by the primary health care center where the present study was carried out, the medical team noticed a significant number of people who did not have a fundus examination periodically. Objective: To assess the rate of people adequately screened for retinopathy among those with type 2 diabetes in this rural location. Method: This study was an experience report of conducting a clinical audit to assess the rate of retinopathy screening among type 2 diabetics in a primary health care center. For this purpose, a spreadsheet with diabetic patients was generated electronically by the e-SUS record with subsequent reading of the record of the last two years in search of mentioning the performance of ophthalmoscopy. Results: The report generated 3736 active registrations, of which 181 were diabetic, of which, 156 were selected for analysis because they were proven to be type 2 diabetics. The screening rate in the last two years was 13.4%. In 61.9% of the cases, fundoscopy was performed at the primary health care center itself. Conclusion: The clinical audit was a useful tool in confirming and delimiting the suspicion of a low rate of screening for diabetic retinopathy. The accomplishment of fundoscopy by the trained family and community doctor was a strategy that allowed an increase in this percentage.

Introducción: La retinopatía diabética es una complicación de la diabetes mellitus con gran impacto en la salud, pero cuyo diagnóstico mediante oftalmoscopia y tratamiento precoz ha demostrado reducir la progresión a la pérdida visual. En el territorio asignado por la Unidad de Atención Primaria de Salud (UAPS) donde se realizó el presente estudio, el equipo médico detectó un número importante de personas que no realizan periódicamente un fondo de ojo. Objetivo: evaluar la tasa de personas adecuadamente cribadas para retinopatía entre los 87 diabéticos tipo 2 en esta zona rural. Método: Este estudio es un informe de experiencia de la realización de una auditoría clínica para evaluar la tasa de detección de retinopatía entre diabéticos tipo 2 en un Unidad de Atención Primaria de Salud. Para ello, se generó electrónicamente una hoja de cálculo con pacientes diabéticos mediante el registro e-SUS con posterior lectura del registro de los últimos dos años en busca de mencionar la realización de oftalmoscopia. Resultados: El informe generó 3736 registros activos, de los cuales 181 eran diabéticos, de estos, 156 fueron seleccionados para análisis porque se demostró que eran diabéticos tipo 2. La tasa de cribado en los últimos dos años fue del 13,4%. En el 61,9% de los casos la fondoscopia se realizó en la Unidad de Atención Primaria de Salud. Conclusión: La auditoría clínica fue una herramienta útil para confirmar y delimitar la sospecha de una baja tasa de cribado de retinopatía diabética. La realización de fondoscopia por parte del médico de familia y de la comunidad capacitado fue una estrategia que permitió incrementar este porcentaje.

Tendência temporal das complicações do pé diabético e da cobertura da Atenção Primária à Saúde nas capitais brasileiras, 2008­2018 / Temporal trend of complications of the diabetic foot and Primary Health Care coverage in Brazilian capitals, 2008-2018 / Evolución temporal de las complicaciones del pie diabético y cobertura de la Atención Primaria de Salud en las capitales brasileñas, 2008-2018

Introdução: Complicações diabéticas são condições preveníveis em sua maioria, sendo o pé diabético uma das mais comuns. O manejo adequado do pé diabético mitiga eventos incapacitantes e maiores gastos ao sistema de saúde. As intervenções efetivas na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) possibilitam prevenir as complicações diabéticas. Objetivo: Analisar a tendência das complicações do pé diabético e sua relação com a cobertura da APS nas capitais brasileiras, entre 2008 e 2018. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais das incidências acumuladas de complicações do pé diabético nas 27 capitais utilizando dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Hipertensos e Diabéticos. As variáveis independentes foram ano, cobertura da APS e da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Empregou-se modelo de regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: No Brasil, ocorreram 45.095 casos de complicações do pé diabético no período, com média de 0,57 casos/100.000 habitantes (p<0,001) ­ estável em 14 capitais (p>0,05) e crescente em 13 capitais (p<0,05). Há associação entre elevação do nível de cobertura da APS e estabilidade na evolução das complicações diabéticas (p<0,05). Conclusões: Evidencia-se aumento da ocorrência das complicações do pé diabético, contudo, nas capitais com crescimento da cobertura da APS, houve controle da progressão.

Introduction: Diabetic complications are mostly preventable conditions, the diabetic foot being one of the most common. Proper management of the diabetic foot mitigates disabling events and higher costs to the health system. Effective interventions in Primary Health Care (PHC) make it possible to prevent diabetic complications. The care scenario for preventing diabetic complications is Primary Health Care (PHC). Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of diabetic foot complications and their relationship with PHC coverage in Brazilian capitals, between 2008 and 2018, and the relationship between them. Methods: An ecological time-series study of the cumulative incidences of diabetic foot complications in the 27 capitals using data from the Information System on Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients. The independent variables were year, PHC coverage and the family health strategy (ESF). A Prais-Winsten regression model was used. Results: In Brazil, there were 45,095 cases of diabetic foot complications in the period, with an average of 0.57 cases/100,000 inhabitants (p<0.001), being stable in 14 capitals (p>0.05) and 13 increasing capitals (p<0.05). There is an interaction between the increase in the level of PHC coverage and stability in the evolution of diabetic complications (p<0.05). Conclusions: Despite the increase in the occurrence of diabetic foot complications, however, in the capitals with growth in PHC coverage, there was control of the progression of diabetic foot complications.

Introducción: Las complicaciones diabéticas son en su mayoría condiciones prevenibles, siendo el pie diabético una de las más comunes. El manejo adecuado del pie diabético mitiga eventos incapacitantes y mayores costos al sistema de salud. Intervenciones efectivas en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) permiten prevenir las complicaciones diabéticas El escenario asistencial para la prevención de las complicaciones diabéticas es la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia temporal de las complicaciones del pie diabético y su relación con la cobertura de la APS en las capitales brasileñas, entre 2008 y 2018, y la relación entre ellas. Métodos: Estudio ecológico de serie temporal de las incidencias acumuladas de complicaciones del pie diabético en las 27 capitales utilizando datos del Sistema de Información de Pacientes Hipertensos y Diabéticos. Las variables independientes fueron el año, la cobertura de la APS y la estrategia de salud de la familia (ESF). Se utilizó un modelo de regresión de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: En Brasil, hubo 45.095 casos de complicaciones del pie diabético en el período, con una media de 0,57 casos/100.000 habitantes (p<0,001), manteniéndose estable en 14 capitales (p>0,05) y 13 capitales crecientes (p<0.05). Existe una interacción entre un aumento en el nivel de cobertura de la APS y la estabilidad en la evolución de las complicaciones diabéticas (p<0,05). Conclusiones: A pesar del aumento en la ocurrencia de complicaciones del pie diabético, sin embargo, en las capitales con crecimiento en la cobertura de la APS, hubo control de la progresión de las complicaciones del pie diabético.

Alfabetización en e-Salud en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 al sur del Perú / E-Health Literacy In Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Southern Peru

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial debido a la alta morbimortalidad asociada a sus complicaciones cardiovasculares, renales y neurológicas. Los estudios muestran que la prevalencia de diabetes en el Perú ha aumentado y se registra una incidencia de dos casos por cada cien personas al año. (1) El uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) como aplicaciones móviles, web, redes sociales, y contenidos multimedia para el manejo de la diabetes es cada vez más frecuente aunque la efectividad de estas es aún controversial. (2) En Perú, se encontró un uso poco frecuente (menos del 20 por ciento) de las TIC en pacientes diabéticos. (3, 4) Este uso poco frecuente probablemente se deba a al limitado acceso a estas tecnologías por los costos que implica aunque cada vez los precios son más bajos, otra posible explicación es la insuficiente o nula alfabetización digital. Ningún estudio ha evaluado el nivel de alfabetización en e-Salud o alfabetización digital en salud de pacientes dentro del contexto peruano. El objetivo fue evaluar de forma exploratoria la alfabetización en e-Salud en un grupo de pacientes diabéticos(AU)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a public health problem worldwide due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with its cardiovascular, renal and neurological complications. Studies show that the prevalence of diabetes in Peru has increased and there is an incidence of two cases per hundred people per year. The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) such as mobile applications, web, social networks, and multimedia content for diabetes management is increasingly frequent, although their effectiveness is still controversial. In Peru, infrequent use (less than 20 percent) of ICT was found in diabetic patients. This infrequent use is probably due to the limited access to these technologies due to the costs involved, although prices are increasingly lower, another possible explanation is insufficient or no digital literacy. No study has evaluated the level of e-Health literacy or digital health literacy of patients within the Peruvian context. The objective was to evaluate in exploratory way e-Health literacy in a group of diabetic patients(AU)

Causes infectieuses de décompensation du diabète: « un prédateur infectieux se cache chez tout diabétique en Afrique¼ / Infectious causes of diabetes decompensation: "an infectious predator hides in any diabetic in Africa"

Introduction : Les infections survenant chez les sujets diabétiques ont été longtemps considérées comme une des causes de l'accroissement de la morbidité et de la mortalité. Elles représentent un motif de plus en plus fréquent d'admission dans le service de médecine interne du Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Thiès. Les mécanismes sont plus ou moins élucidés par l'influence de l'hyperglycémie sur les fonctions des polynucléaires neutrophiles. Le but de cette étude est de déterminer les particularités épidémiologiques des infections chez les diabétiques. Patients et Méthode : Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective avec recueil de données réalisée sur 24 mois (1er janvier 2016 au 31 décembre 2018) au service de Médecine Interne du Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Thiès. Cette étude incluait tous les patients diabétiques quel que soit le genre et le type de diabète, âgés de 15 ans et plus, présentant une infection comme facteur principal de décompensation. Résultats : Durant la période d'étude 2350 patients ont été hospitalisés dans le service de médecine interne dont 390 diabétiques. Parmi eux, 138 patients ont répondu à nos critères d'inclusion soit une prévalence de 35,38%. La moyenne d'âge de nos malades était de 53,49 ans ± 15,65 ans avec un sex-ratio H/F était de 0,70 en faveur des femmes (81 femmes contre 57 hommes). Les infections responsables de la décompensation étaient à localisation cutanéo-muqueuse (30,4%), pulmonaire (22,4%), uro-génitale (18,11%), buccodentaire (10,11%), ORL (1,44%), phanérienne (0,72%). Ailleurs, une infection aux pieds était retrouvée chez 43 patients soit 31,15% des cas. Plusieurs infections pouvaient être présentes chez un même malade. Le diabète était déséquilibré dans 86,2 % (n=94) des cas avec une HbA1c moyenne à 10, 5 % à l'admission Nous n'avons pas noté de corrélation entre l'infection et l'ancienneté du diabète (p =0, 60), l'infection et le type de diabète (p = 0,50) et paradoxalement entre l'infection et le déséquilibre du diabète (p=0,70). Conclusion : Le dépistage des infections chez le diabétique en déséquilibre chronique ou diabétique de novo doit être systématique car généralement ces infections peuvent être asymptomatiques.

Introduction: Infections in people with diabetes have long been considered one of the causes of increased morbidity and mortality. They represent an increasingly frequent reason for admission to the Department of Internal Medicine of the Regional and University Hospital of Thies. The mechanisms are more or less elucidated by the influence of hyperglycemia on neutrophil polynuclear functions. The purpose of this study is to determine the epidemiological characteristics of infections in diabetics. Method: This was a retrospective study with data collected over 24 months (1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018) at the Internal Medicine Department of the Regional and University Hospital of Thies. This study included all diabetic patients, regardless of gender and type of diabetes, aged 15 years and older, with an infection as the primary decompensation factor. Result: During the study period 2,350 patients were hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Department, 390 of whom were diabetic. Of these, 138 patients met our inclusion criteria, a prevalence of 35.38%. The average age of our patients was 53.49 years 15.65 years with a sex-ratio H/F was 0.70 in favor of women (81 Women versus 57 Men). The infections responsible for decompensation were dermal localization (30.4%), pulmonary (22.4%), urogenital (18.11%), oral (10.11%), ENT (1.44%), phanerian (0.72%). Elsewhere, a foot infection was found in 43 patients or 31.15% of cases. Several infections could be present in the same patient. Diabetes was unbalanced in 86.2% (n=94) of cases with an average HbA1c of 10.5% at admission We did not find a correlation between the infection and the age of diabetes (p =0, 60), the infection and the type of diabetes (p = 0.50), and paradoxically between the infection and the imbalance of diabetes (p = 0.70). Conclusion: The detection of infections in diabetics in chronic imbalance or de novo diabetics must be systematic because generally these infections can be asymptomatic.

Time to Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Risk Factors among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes, caused by high blood sugar levels damaging the eye. Globally, diabetic retinopathy affects more than 103.12 million people. Diabetic retinopathy is among the leading causes of vision loss at the global level, including in Ethiopia. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the time to develop diabetic retinopathy and identify factors associated with diabetic retinopathy among diabetes patients. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted from September 1, 2021, to January 30, 2022. Data was collected using semi structured questionnaire. The Cox proportional hazard model were used to determine the median time to develop diabetic retinopathy and identify predictors of diabetic retinopathy. Data was analyzed using R software. RESULTS: A total of 373 diabetes patients were included in this study. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 41.3%. The median time was 41 months, ranging from 39 to 73 months. Elder age (HR=3.17, 95%CI: 1.53, 6.58), being male (HR=2.34, 95%CI: 1.35,6.15), previous family history of diabetes (HR=4.16, 95%CI: 2.19, 8.37), longer duration of diabetes (HR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.41, 5.31) received only insulin therapy (HR=3.91, 95%CI: 1.36, 7.94), and high systolic blood pressure (HR=2.32; 95%CI: 1.12, 4.39) were statistically significant factors related to development of diabetes retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of diabetic patinets in this study were developed retinopathy diabetes within a few months of being diagnosed. As a result, we advocate that the best way to preserve our vision from diabetic retinopathy is to maintain our diabetes under control, and the high-risk population receive early screening for diabetes

Hyperglycemic memory in diabetic cardiomyopathy / 医学前沿

Cardiovascular diseases account for approximately 80% of deaths among individuals with diabetes mellitus, with diabetic cardiomyopathy as the major diabetic cardiovascular complication. Hyperglycemia is a symptom that abnormally activates multiple downstream pathways and contributes to cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, apoptosis, and other pathophysiological changes. Although glycemic control has long been at the center of diabetes therapy, multicenter randomized clinical studies have revealed that intensive glycemic control fails to reduce heart failure-associated hospitalization and mortality in patients with diabetes. This finding indicates that hyperglycemic stress persists in the cardiovascular system of patients with diabetes even if blood glucose level is tightly controlled to the normal level. This process is now referred to as hyperglycemic memory (HGM) phenomenon. We briefly reviewed herein the current advances that have been achieved in research on the underlying mechanisms of HGM in diabetic cardiomyopathy.